How the structure of macromolecules affects their function

5 Things I Learned from the 3D Molecules
- Fats are constructed by the joining of a glycerol molecule to three fatty acids by dehydration reaction and also fats store large amounts of energy.
- A function of a protein depends on its specific sequence or form; proteins consists of a series of polypeptide chains.
-Carbohydrates like monosaccharides serve as an fast and easy source of fuel.
-RNA has a ribose as its pentose and DNA has deoxyribose.
-Glycosidic bonds help demonstrate how different bonds produce different products.

How the structure of macromolecules affects their function
Most macromolecules are polymers. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are the four major classes of organic compounds in cells. Some of these compounds are very large and are called macromolecules.Polymers are chains of identical or similar building blocks called monomers. Each class of polymer is formed from a specific set of monomers. Although some organisms share the same number of monomers, each organism is unique because of the specfic structure of it's macromolecules.

As for carbohydrates, the smallest carbohydrates serve as fuel and carbon sources. Monosaccharides, the simplest of the bunch can be broken down easily. Disaccharides consists of two monosaccharides connected by a glycosidic linkage. These glycosidic bonds help demonstrate how different bonds like these produce different products. Things such as simple sugars, starch, glycogen, and celluose differ in the positions and orientations of their glycosidic linkages and thus serve and have different functions.

For lipids, the way the fats are constructed differentiate themselves from being a fat, a phospholipid and a steroid. Fats, also known as triacylglycerols are constructed by the joining of a glycerol molecule to three fatty acids by dehydration rections, fats store large amounts of energy. Phospholipids on the other hand have fats that have a third fatty acid linked to glycrol, and this is what makes phospholipids mahor components of the cell membrane, because phosphipids have a negatively charged phosphate group, making the "head" of a phosphlipid hydrophillic. Also, steroids have a basic structure of four fused rings of carbon atoms, and because of this steroids have other functions such as enhancement and causing cholesterol.

A protein consists of one or more polypeptide chains folded into a specific three-dimensional conformation. A protein's function depends on its specific sequence or form. The primary structure of a protein is its unique sequence of amino acids. Different sequence of amino acids could cause the enzyme to go wack and be an enzyme for something else. This is why the sequence of amino acids for this case is important because it does determine it's function. For nucleic acids they store and transmit hereditary information. DNA stores information from the synthesis of specific proteins, RNA carries this genetic information to he protein- synthesizing place. Each nucleotide monomer has a pentose covalently bonded to a phosphate group and to one of four different nitrogenous bases. RNA has a ribose as its pentose and DNA has deoxyribose and this is why differentiates them from having different functions because even though they are a protein, differences like these change the function of it.

Sources: Campbell book.
http://biomodel.uah.es/en/model3/index.htm
Pictures: concord.org